Ship, nation, owners Voyage identification number 4284
Voyage in 1999 CD-ROM Yes
Vessel name Putnam (a) Echo
Flag U.S.A.
Flag IMP U.S.A.
Place constructed Baltimore
Year constructed 1845
Place registered New Orleans
Year registered
Rig Brig
Tonnage 197
Standardized tonnage IMP 197
Guns mounted
Vessel owners Reis, Cunha
Voyage Outcome Particular outcome of voyage Captured by United States with slaves
Outcome of voyage for slaves IMP Slaves disembarked in Old World
Outcome of voyage if ship captured IMP US
Outcome of voyage for owner IMP Original goal thwarted (human agency)
African resistance Slave insurrection
Voyage Itinerary Place where voyage began IMP Havana
First place of slave purchase Loango
Second place of slave purchase
Third place of slave purchase
Principal place of slave purchase IMP Loango
Places of call before Atlantic crossing
First place of slave landing Liberia
Second place of slave landing
Third place of slave landing
Principal place of slave landing IMP Liberia
Place where voyage ended
Region where voyage began IMP Cuba
First region of slave purchase West Central Africa and St. Helena
Second region of slave purchase
Third region of slave purchase
Principal region of slave purchase IMP West Central Africa and St. Helena
First region of slave landing Windward Coast
Second region of slave landing
Third region of slave landing
Principal region of slave landing IMP Windward Coast
Region where voyage ended
Voyage Dates Year arrived with slaves IMP 1858
Date voyage began 1858-02-08
Date trade began in Africa
Date vessel departed Africa
Date vessel arrived with slaves 1858-08-21
Date vessel departed for homeport
Date voyage completed
Voyage length, homeport to slaves landing (days) IMP 194
Middle passage (days) IMP
Captain and Crew Captain's name Townsend, Edward C
Crew at voyage outset 20
Crew at first landing of slaves
Crew deaths during voyage
Slave (numbers) Number of slaves intended at first place of purchase
Slaves carried from first port of purchase
Slaves carried from second port of purchase
Slaves carried from third port of purchase
Total slaves embarked 450
Total slaves embarked IMP 450
Number of slaves arriving at first place of landing 306
Number of slaves disembarked at first place of landing
Number of slaves disembarked at second place of landing
Number of slaves disembarked at third place of landing
Total slaves disembarked IMP 306
Slave (characteristics) Percentage men IMP
Percentage women IMP
Percentage boys IMP
Percentage girls IMP
Percentage male IMP
Percentage children IMP
Sterling cash price in Jamaica IMP
Slave deaths during middle passage IMP 144
Mortality rate IMP 32.0%
Source Sources ADM123/179,Grey,59.11.04,enc:

Admiralty, National Archives (UK)


Howard,214-62:

Howard, Warren S., American Slaves and Federal Law, 1837-1862 (Berkeley, CA, 1963)


IUP,ST,46/A/8: Great Britain, Irish University Press Series of British Parliamentary Papers: Slave Trade, vols. 1-90 (Shannon, 1969-74).
IUP,ST,45/A/24: Great Britain, Irish University Press Series of British Parliamentary Papers: Slave Trade, vols. 1-90 (Shannon, 1969-74).
HED,36-2,7:190,201,516: United States Congress, House Executive Document, 27-1, 34; 30-2, 671; 35-2, 104; 36-2, 7.
FO313/63,p.35:

TNA (Kew)